The cause for gonococcal urethritis is Neisseria gonorrhea, a gram negative diplococcus.<\/span>\u00a0The most common cause for gonococcal urethritis is sexual intercourse.<\/span>\u00a0For a man, infection risk after a single intercourse with an infected partner is about 17 to 20% although the possibility of infection from an infected men to a woman is 80%.<\/span>\u00a0When number of sexual intercourse with a porter or infected partner increases, risk also increases.<\/span>\u00a0Cases infected with secretions without vaginal intercourse have been reported as well.<\/span><\/p>\n Symptoms and Findings<\/span><\/p>\n * Burning sense while urinating<\/span><\/p>\n * Urethral efflux (Efflux is generally inflamed, yellow to brown colored and much)<\/span><\/p>\n 1 to 4 hours after the patient has urinated, a special culture stick is inserted into the urethra about 2 to 4 cm and turned.<\/span>\u00a0Gram staining and planting into the culture medium from samples are performed.<\/span>\u00a02 separate samples are collected if necessary.<\/span>\u00a0Gram-negative diplococcus are seedn in the gram staining.<\/span>\u00a0An accurate diagnosis may be determined with 95%.<\/span><\/p>\n If required treatment is not performed<\/span><\/p>\n * Periurethritis, periurethral abscess<\/span><\/p>\n * Urethral stenosis<\/span><\/p>\n * Prostatitis, prostate abscess, epididymitis, proctatitis and arthritis may be seen.<\/span><\/p>\n Gonorrhea may be prevented with regular condom use and antibiotic after the intercourse, intravaginal antiseptic agents or antibiotic application.<\/span><\/p>\n When N. gonorrhea can not be shown by the culture or gram staining in presence of urethritis, non-gonococcal urethritis is diagnosed.<\/span><\/p>\n The most important and dangerous cause is Chlamydia trachomatis.<\/span>\u00a0This bacteria may be shown in 25 to 60% of men with NGU and 4 to 35% of men with gonorrhea in urethra.<\/span>\u00a0There is not any pathology ,n 50% of Chlamydia infections, but patients are porter.<\/span><\/p>\n In 20 to 50% of the patients, the cause for NGU is Ureaplasma urealyticum.<\/span><\/p>\n Symptoms:<\/p>\n * Urethral efflux (efflux is generally less, thin and mucoid)<\/span><\/p>\n * Dysuria (burning sense while urinating) and urethral itching and stinging sense.<\/span><\/p>\n Treatment:<\/p>\n Tetracycline , doxycycline or erythromycin may be used.<\/p>\n To be protected from NGU is limited with condom like in gonorrhea and vaginal spermicidal agents.<\/span>\u00a0Treatment of the patient with her\/his sexual partners are very important.<\/span><\/p>\n Trichomonas vaginalis causes the disease.<\/span>\u00a0Incidence is 2%.<\/span>\u00a0T is most common between 15 and 40 years of life in men and women.<\/span>\u00a0It spreads with sexual intercourse and it was found with a ratio of 14 to 60% in male partners of infected women and of 67 to 100% in female partners of infected men.<\/span>\u00a0It mostly progresses without any symptom in men.<\/span><\/p>\n Condom should be used until the treatment is completed successfully.<\/span>\u00a0Metronidazole is given to the patient and her partner.<\/span>\u00a0Treatment response is taken immediately.<\/span>\u00a0Treatment of partners earnestly is very important.<\/span><\/p>\n It is caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.<\/span><\/p>\n The first symptom of chancroid is the papule seen on several days after the sexual intercourse.<\/span>\u00a0Then, single or multiple, painful chancroid ulcers with a dirty appearance appear.<\/span>\u00a0They cause inflamed efflux in general.<\/span>\u00a0The patients have fever, headache and fatigue.<\/span><\/p>\n Ulcers not treated grow slowly, bursts and combine with the others.<\/span>\u00a0It causes painful groin inflammation and lymphatic obstruction; and genital edema and further elephantiasis develop.<\/span><\/p>\n Treatment:<\/p>\n Azithromycin 1 g.<\/span>\u00a0Single dose, erythromycin 500 mg.<\/span>\u00a0For 4 x 17 days, certraixone 250 mg may be used as single dose.<\/span><\/p>\n Syphilis is caused by a spirochete called Treponema pallidum. T. pallidum enters into the body by skin and mucosa and a painless chancre ( a wound seems like a hole made by a staple) on the penis at 2 to 4 weeks after the sexual intercourse.<\/span>\u00a0If not treated, lesion recovers slowly by itself.<\/span>\u00a0There may be unilateral or bilateral, separate, painless lymphadenopathy on the inguinal region.<\/span>\u00a0Urological complications are rare and seen at the 3<\/span>rd<\/span>\u00a0phase of the disease.<\/span>\u00a0These include testicle gummas and neurogenic bladder seen in neurosyphilis.<\/span><\/p>\n Penicillin G is given to the patients with early syphilis.<\/span>\u00a0Doxycycline or tetracycline is given to those with penicillin allergy.<\/span><\/p>\n The cause is Chlamdyda Trachomatis.<\/span>\u00a0Genital lesion, lymphadenitis and rectal stenosis may be seen.<\/span>\u00a0A papule or pustule appears at 5 to 21 days after the sexual intercourse.<\/span>\u00a0Genital lesion is small and generally not noticed.<\/span>\u00a0Reproduction of C. trachomatis in the culture is diagnostic.<\/span>\u00a0Treatment:<\/span>\u00a0Doxycycline, 100 mg.<\/span>\u00a02\u00d71, for 3 weeks.<\/span><\/p>\n The cause is Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (Donovan body) and incubation period is 2 to 3 months.<\/span><\/p>\n Clinical Findings<\/span><\/p>\n Papule is the first symptom.<\/span>\u00a0A painless, tumorous, hard, indurated, painless ulcer including hemorrhagic secretion with an eritematous base occurs.<\/span>\u00a0Observation of Donovan bodies in stained smear is diagnostic.<\/span><\/p>\n Treatment:<\/p>\n Tetracycline 500 mg.<\/span>\u00a04\u00d71 or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160\/800 mg. tablet) 2\u00d71 are applied until the lesions recover.<\/span><\/p>\n The cause is HPV (Human papilloma virus).<\/span>\u00a0Incubation period may be 1 to 2 months.<\/span>\u00a0Diagnosis is very easy by observing the lesion.<\/span><\/p>\n Location, size and number of the lesions are important for the treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n Topical creams:<\/span>\u00a0Podophylin \u2013 imiquimod cream, trichloracetic acid may be used.<\/span><\/p>\n Cryotherapy:<\/span>\u00a0Lesions may be destroyed without pain within a couple of sessions.<\/span><\/p>\n Surgical:<\/span>\u00a0Removal of the lesions completely one by one and cauterization of the wart base is the most efficient therapy.<\/span>\u00a0It may be applied in the office under local anesthesia.<\/span><\/p>\n * It is possible to cauterize urethral warts endoscopically.<\/span><\/p>\n Genital tuberculosis is a slow progressing disease and appears at 15 to 20 years after the primary pulmonary infection in general.<\/span>\u00a0Pollakiuria (frequent urination), urgency (urgent urination desire), nocturia (awakening for urination at night), dysuria (burning sense while urinating) may be detected.<\/span>\u00a050% of the patients have macroscopic hematuria (visual urinary bleeding).<\/span>\u00a0These symptoms may not be seen until the disease progresses to the further stage; even though patients may be asymptomatic.<\/span>\u00a0Pain is an indicator for a progressed disease.<\/span>\u00a0Most symptoms are connected with dissemination of the bacilli into the bladder.<\/span>\u00a0Some Clinical Findings For Genitourinary Tuberculosis<\/span><\/p>\n * Sterile pyuria<\/span><\/p>\n * Painless and frequent urination at nights<\/span><\/p>\n * Previous or active tuberculosis on another part of the body<\/span><\/p>\n * Unexplained hematuria<\/span><\/p>\n * Chronic cystitis irresponsive to antibiotics<\/span><\/p>\n * Chronic epididymitis including nodules in the epididymis and\/or thick ductus deference or palpation of formations like rosary beads<\/span><\/p>\n * Waned nodular prostate<\/span><\/p>\n * Indurations on seminal vesicles<\/span><\/p>\n * Mild iliac pain \/ renal colic<\/span><\/p>\n Scrotal sinuses including chronic efflux<\/span><\/p>\n * The standard test for the diagnosis is intravenous pyelography (IVP) and provides an abnormal findings in 93% of the patients.<\/span>\u00a0Ulcer and nodules which have generally located around ureter orifices and are smaller than 3 mm may be detected in the cystoscopy.<\/span>\u00a0Treatment:<\/span>Different combinations of antituberculosis drugs Isoniazid (INH),.Ethambutol, Rifampin, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide is continued for 9 months.<\/span><\/p>\n Orchitis is inflammation of the testicles and epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis.<\/span>\u00a0Generally, both appears together.<\/span>\u00a0Infections are the most important causes.<\/span><\/p>\n The virus may settle into the testicle via bloodstream in 20% of the children who had mumps.<\/span><\/p>\n Bacterial Infection:<\/span>\u00a0Urinary infection may come to the testicle and settle there in some cases via vas deference.<\/span><\/p>\n Prostatic and urethral infections may also settle into the testicle via vas deference path.<\/span>\u00a0The most common causes are Chlamdia and Gonorrhea infections which are sexually transmitted.<\/span><\/p>\n When sufficient antibiotherapy is not applied after prostate and urethra operations, microorganisms may also settle into the testicle.<\/span><\/p>\n Some germs within the body such as tuberculosis may come to the testicle and settle there via bloodstream even rare.<\/span><\/p>\n Treatment should be done according to the cause.<\/span>\u00a0If it is viral origin; bedrest and analgesic agents should be done; and if the cause is bacteria, antibiotic and abovementioned recommendations should be applied.<\/span>\u00a0In a tuberculosis dependent infection, phthisis specific treatments should be used.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" WHAT IS THE CAUSE FOR GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS, HOW DOES IT SPREAD, WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS? The cause for gonococcal urethritis is Neisseria gonorrhea, a gram negative diplococcus.\u00a0The most common cause for gonococcal urethritis is sexual intercourse.\u00a0For a man, infection risk after a single intercourse with an infected partner is about 17 to 20% although the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-your-queries"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":735,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34\/revisions\/735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonsaporta.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}HOW IS GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS DIAGNOSED?<\/h3>\n
WHAT MAY GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS CAUSE IF LEFT UNTREATED? HOW SHOULD BE PROTECTED FROM INFECTION CAUSES?<\/h3>\n
WHAT US THE CAUSE FOR NON-GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS, WHAT ARE SYMPTOMS? HOW IS IT TREATED?<\/h3>\n
WHAT IS THE CAUSE FOR TRICHOMANIASIS, WHAT ARE THE FINDINGS? HOW IS IT TREATED?<\/h3>\n
WHAT IS CHANCROID (ULCUS MOLLE, SOFT CHANCRE), WHAT ARE FINDINGS? HOW IS IT TREATED?<\/h3>\n
WHAT IS SYPHILIS? WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS AND HOW IS IT TREATED?<\/h3>\n
WHAT IS LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM? WHAT ARE THE FINDINGS? HOW IS IT TREATED?<\/h3>\n
WHAT IS GRANULOMA INGUINALE? WHAT ARE THE FINDINGS? HOW IS IT TREATED?<\/h3>\n
WHAT IS CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA (WART)? HOW IS IT TREATED?<\/h3>\n
MAY TUBERCULOSIS AFFECT URINARY TRACTS AND HOW DOES IT DEVELOP? WHICH SYMPTOMS DOES IT PRESENT?<\/h3>\n
HOW IS GENITOURINARY TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSED? HOW IS THE TREATMENT PLANNED?<\/h3>\n
WHAT IS ORCHITIS, EPIDIDYMORCHITIS? HOW DOES IT DEVELOP, WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS ?<\/h3>\n
HOW ARE ORCHITIS AND EPIDIDYMORCHITIS TREATED?<\/h3>\n